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Henrietta Mary Ada Ward (1 June 1832 – 12 July 1924) was a notable English historical and genre painter of the Victorian era and the early twentieth century.〔Deborah Cherry, ''Painting Women: Victorian Women Artists'', London, Routledge, 1993.〕〔Susan Waller, ''Women Artists in the Modern Era: A Documentary History'', Lanham, MD, Scarecrow Press, 1991.〕 ==Life and work== She belonged to a family that produced professional artists over several generations.〔Lionel Lambourne, ''Victorian Painting'', London, Phaidon Press, 1999; p. 308.〕 Her paternal grandfather was the prominent animal painter James Ward, who was related by marriage to fellow artists John Jackson and George Morland. Her parents were also artists: George Raphael Ward was best known for his printmaking, Mary Webb Ward for her miniatures. (One of her mother's pictures was ''Portrait of Henrietta Ward and her Favorite Guinea Pig'', 1843.) An only child, the young Henrietta grew up surrounded by and familiar with her parents' artist acquaintances, including Sir Edwin Landseer, C. R. Leslie, and the brothers John James and Alfred Edward Chalon. She studied her craft at the Bloomsbury Art School and the academy started by Henry Sass. In 1843, when she was 11 years old, Henrietta fell in love with the 27-year-old historical painter Edward Matthew Ward (no relation); they married secretly in May 1848, aided by the groom's friend Wilkie Collins — so that her maiden and married names were the same. (Traditional sources occasionally refer to her as "Henrietta Mary Ada Ward Ward.") Henrietta's mother never forgave the elopement, and disinherited her. (Collins may have based the plot of his 1852 novel ''Basil'' on the Ward engagement. In turn, Henrietta claimed to have given Collins the idea for ''The Woman in White''.)〔Wilkie Collins, ''The Woman in White'', Edited and with an Introduction and Notes by Matthew Sweet, London, Penguin Classics, 2003; Introduction, p. xxiii.〕 E. M. and Henrietta Ward had eight children, one of whom would be Leslie Ward, the caricaturist and cartoonist known as "Spy."〔Leslie Ward, ''Forty Years of "Spy",'' London, Bentano's, 1915.〕 While raising her brood, Henrietta pursued her own artistic career; she worked in various genres, though she, like her husband, was noted for her historical pictures, on subjects like Thomas Chatterton and Elizabeth Fry. She was also noted for her pictures of children; she used her own children as models for her paintings. One of her most famous paintings was ''Palissy the Potter'', displayed at the Royal Academy in 1866; it illustrates the incident in which Bernard Palissy accidentally blew up his house while experimenting on ceramic techniques. This and similar works (like ''Queen Mary quitting Stirling Castle''; RA 1863 and ''Scene from the childhood of Joan of Arc''; RA 1867) made her perhaps the most prominent female history painter of her generation.〔Charlotte Yeldham, ''Women Artists in Nienteenth-Century France and England'', New York, Garland, 1984; p. 127.〕 She gave art lessons to several of the royal children of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Both Henrietta Ward and her husband were supporters of the cause of women's suffrage.〔Deborah Cherry, ''Beyond the Frame'', London, Routledge, 2000; p. 154.〕 The Wards traveled in an artistic circle that included figures like Charles Dickens and George Cruikshank. In one account, Dickens and Cruikshank nearly brawled when the teetotaler Cruikshank prevented Henrietta Ward from drinking a glass of sherry at a Dickens party.〔Jane R. Cohen, ''Charles Dickens and His Original Illustrators'', Columbus, OH, Ohio State University Press, 1980; p. 33.〕 She outlived her husband by forty-five years. After his 1879 death, the widow started her own art school to help support her family; like her contemporary Louise Jopling, Henrietta Ward specialized in training young women artists. She also received a pension of ₤100 for her previous service as a royal teacher. She published two autobiographical memoirs, ''Mrs. E. M. Ward’s Reminiscences'' in 1911 and ''Memories of Ninety Years'', in the year of her death.〔Mrs. E. M. Ward, ''Memories of Ninety Years'', Edited by Isabel G. McAllister, London, Hutchinson, 1924.〕 Her first book has been called "one of the best accounts of the life of a Victorian lady artist."〔Christopher Wood, ''Victorian Painting'', Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1999; p. 327.〕 She left a picture of a near-ideal marriage with a husband who encouraged her work, and who was "always the kindest teacher, the most unfailing friend I have ever known." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henrietta Ward」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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